The Exotics Guide

Didemnum 6-pendulous colony, Bodega

A pendulous specimen of Didemnum sp. A from Bodega Harbor.

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Didemnum 5-on Ostrea lurida

Didemnum sp. A covering a native oyster (Ostrea lurida) in San Francisco Bay.

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Didemnum 4-on mussel

Didemnum sp. A overgrowing a bay mussel (Mytilus trossulus-galloprovincialis) in San Francisco Bay.

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Didemnum 3-on Watersipora

Didemnum sp. A covering a bryozoan (Watersipora subtorquata) in San Francisco Bay.

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Didemnum 2-colony on rope, Sausalito

Didemnum sp. A growing over a rope at Sausalito.

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Didemnum 1-massive colony on rope

A massively lobate colony of Didemnum sp. A growing on a rope at Sausalito in San Francisco Bay.

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Didemnum sp. A

  • Kingdom: Animalia
  • Phylum: Chordata
  • Subphylum: Tunicata
  • Class: Ascidiacea
  • Order: Aplousobranchia
  • Family: Didemnidae

A colonial sea squirt in the genus Didemnum, which forms extensive sheets overgrowing a variety of substrates and attached organisms, has been found in a number of bays and harbors on the Pacific Coast of North America since 1993. The identity of this species is not yet known. A Didemnum with the same appearance and habits also showed up and spread along the New England coast since the late 1970s, in northern Europe since 1991, in New Zealand since 2001, and has apparently been present in Japan for several decades.

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Botryllus schlosseri Image 12-detail with small oval blobs

Detail of a colony from the previous photo, with many small oval blobs around the outer rim of the colony, which are the pigmented ends of blood vessels.

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Botryllus schlosseri Image 11-young colonies on mussel

Young Botryllus schlosseri colonies, each consisting of a single system of 1-10 zooids, on a bay mussel (Mytilus trossulus/ galloprovincialis complex) in San Francisco Bay.

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Botryllus schlosseri Image 10-detail, with systems of 5-13

Detail of colony in previous photo, with systems of 5-13 zooids. The zooids are unusually long and slender.

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